Archive for August, 2003

Building your home on the World Wide Web, Part 1


2003
08.30

Ordinary Tanzanians need to gain a voice in the global conversation that is
the Internet. Amongst other ways of achieving this perhaps the most pleasing is
the web site. A web site is available 24 hours a day, world wide. Besides words
it can contain photographs, drawings, animation and music.

Individuals use web sites to keep their family and friends up to date with
their news, to wax lyrical about their favourite pop star, or share recipes they
have invented with the rest of the world. Pretty much anything goes.

The web is a publishing medium cheap enough for anyone to publish their own
virtual magazine on any subject.

But how do you get in on this?

The barriers to having a web site are surprisingly low. Companies like
GeoCities (geocities.yahoo.com) offer 15 megabytes of free web space. That is
enough to get a lot of pictures and text online. They also provide tools which
make it easy to create a basic page. So, to get a presence online you don’t need
to have much money or an understanding of how it all works.

If you already have a Yahoo! email address, registering with GeoCities is
simple – you use your Yahoo! name to sign up. If you don’t then you will also
get a new email address sign up!

To start with the site will be empty – visitors will see a message telling
them you haven’t started building your site yet. You had better put something
up, just to say I am here! Try out the GeoCities PageWizard. You get to choose
from a few different looks. It then allows you to create a simple page with
information about you and links to other web sites. You can even upload a
picture.

But it is a pretty boring site, no?

Indeed – web sites built on free space often are. With the enthusiasm that
comes from having your first web site, quite often what gets lost is content.
You have a new voice, but you forget to say something interesting with it.

Don’t worry; you will learn how to create something a bit more interesting
next week. For now let’s plan your site.

This is the stage where I find it useful to step away from the computer,
leave the internet café, grab a pen and paper and plan your site. You might
find it nice to sit outside under a shady tree where you can think – What are
you going to talk about? How would you like it to look?

What is it all about?

A good web site knows what it is about – whether it is about you, your school,
church or the pros and cons of mixing kiti moto with Castle Milk Stout. Once
you have decided what your subject is, draw a box in the centre of a piece of
paper. Write the subject of your site in the box. Now around the subject write
all the things you might want to say about it. Here is an example for a site
about nyama choma. Each of the boxes represents a page on the web site. When
you have done this take a piece of paper for each box and expand on what you want
to say on that page. Put all the details you can think of. Note any ideas for
pictures that illustrate what you are saying in the text. You are making your
web site on paper! Now take some paper for the main subject, the box in the
middle of your diagram – this represents your web site’s home page. This is the
front door and hallway to your site – the first thing people see when they visit.
It is how they will find their way to the other pages. On this home page you
must introduce your guests to the subject, before leading them to the finer details.

Where you touch on a subject covered in greater detail on another page,
underline it – online the underlined words will be hyperlinks to the other pages.

Store you ideas for next week when I will help you replace that boring web
page with your individual exciting web site!

While writing this article I have been creating my own web site on GeoCities.
Have a look at www.geocities.com/duncandrury/index.html

For this week’s homework, see if you can figure out how to make changes to
the page you made earlier. Hint – go to the help pages on the GeoCities site if
you get stuck! Or try the members help chat room. You can find both of these on
the GeoCities home page (geocities.yahoo.com) once you are logged in.

Happy writing! Let me know what sites you create – send your web site addresses
to duncandrury@yahoo.com!

Originally published in Arusha Times 285

Goodbye puppies


2003
08.29

The other news is that Leah took wee pup Rambo the other day. Then yesterday she came and took Nyota too. Not too happy about that, but they are Mary’s dogs, so if she wants to give away four week old puppies what are we meant to do…

Grrr!

Not again!


2003
08.29

Clearly I don’t have enough to occupy me, as two days ago I sat down at my computer and decided that I should remove the unfortunate linux installation attempt, and free up some space for more VCDs. Well, twenty minutes later I felt incredibly stupid because I ended up no longer being able to access the partition that all my stuff is on.

After about 10 minutes of panic and tantrums I calmed myself and thought – I dealt with this on Tim and Job’s computers – I can get my stuff back.

I got out the trusty old Knoppix CD – Linux with X-windows running entirely off a cd – and booted up. Could see all my files but – sheeit, didn’t I, in a month of paranoia, encrypt all my personal files, including email. And weren’t these the only files that actually matter!@!! Well, actually I managed to get all my photos, since I turned encryption off for them. Phew…

But how to recover everything else? Last backup is a month old – so not THAT much lost – I started writing in my notebook again. But still trying to recover files. All the file recovery software I have found is a bit bollocks. Doesn’t do anything you can’t with Linux. Then I found a really useful looking web page today – www.beginningtoseethelight.org/efsrecovery/. Well, yet to try it out.

GeoURL


2003
08.25

Found this service on the web that lets you add a tag to your page with geographical coordinates. They keep a database of sites around the world – you can see the sites nearest to me by clicking this button
GeoURL

Does it work? Not yet – I guess they have to add me to the database first. Interesting.

Becoming Hyper-present in Tanzania


2003
08.23

The internet is the best medium for communication ever! Once connected, a person is present to a greater than ever number of people, in a greater number of ways, at a greater than ever speed – all at a relatively low cost.

Tanzania is beginning to get the hang of this – many people are addicted to email and instant messaging, dropping into internet cafes every day or dropping everything at work when an email arrives. But the internet is about wider dialogue and discussion – a two (or more) way process. Beyond email Tanzanians are, with a few notable exceptions, only using the web and internet to look at information created by other people.

What is the internet for?

Beginning with email – which allowed people to send electronic letters to each other faster, more reliably and cheaper than traditional postal services – the internet has allowed the blossoming of a number of communication methods. These methods often reflect forms of communication that exist outside the internet – in the so called real world.

  • You need to talk to someone now, and you need to be able to hear their response immediately. In the “real” world you meet with that person, or you pick up the ‘phone. Online, you login to your instant messenger, or dial your IP telephone, and chat away.
  • You need to talk to lots of people at once, and they need to be able to disagree, agree and generally take the discussion further. In the real world you call a meeting or stand shouting on a soapbox on the street corner. Online
    you enter an Internet Relay Chat room, visit a newsgroup or a web site forum.
  • You want to tell someone something, but time is not an issue. You do not need them to respond immediately. In the real world you send a letter. Online you send an email, which gets there faster and costs less.
  • If you want to say something, and you want as many people as possible to hear the message, but you don’t need a response from them you could publish a book or article. Online you set up a web site.

That is what the internet is about. If you are able to use all these methods of communication you become hyper-present – you are available to all people at all times. They can get hold of you and you can get hold of them.

For Tanzanians to use the internet to its full potential they must become hyper-present. They must share their knowledge and ideas. For this they need to start using a wider range of methods in using the internet.

Newsgroups

Newsgroups are places where anyone can leave a message, and anyone else can read and reply to that message, all in public. There are a huge number of newsgroups in the world – at least 20,000. They range in subjects from religion
(alt.religion) to science (sci.answers), from music (rec.music.reggae) to politics (soc.politics). They are often lively and informative sources of information and debate.

Using newsgroups is very similar to using email – you compose a message and send it, but rather than sending to a person’s email address you send it to a newsgroup.

Newsgroups can be accessed by readers such as those built into Outlook Express and Netscape. You need to find a news server – you can register with Individual.Net (news.individual.net) to use theirs.

You can also access newsgroups through groups.google.com

Internet Relay Chat

Internet Relay Char, or IRC, is very similar in appearance to instant messaging, but is based around chat rooms; similar to what you may have seen on Dar Hotwire (www.darhotwire.com). You connect to an IRC server using programs such as mIRC (www.mirc.com) or Trillian (www.trillain.cc), and enter a chat room (or channel). A chat room can contain any number of other people, and you can see everything they say. You can join a discussion or just watch. You can even speak to individuals privately.

In the right IRC channel you might be able to get one to one support on computer problems, or even give help to someone you know more than. Chat rooms also exist where people trade things, from information to commodities to business secrets. Chat rooms can be very useful.

Building your own web site

For many people, the ultimate way of staking a presence on the internet is with their own web page. A personal web page can be used to share opinions, recipes, theories – pretty much anything that you might want to say.

For many Tanzanians having a personal web page seems impossible – but setting up a web page is not difficult, or expensive. A number of places exist where it is possible to host a web page for free. Simple tools are included which help
you to put text and pictures on pages. Starting in next week’s edition I will present a tutorial in setting up your own web page. All you will need to bring along is what you want to say.

Get ready to be hyper-present on the World Wide Web!

Originally published in Arusha Times 284

Notes on an Uru Path


2003
08.22

Walking down a path in Uru. It must be very much as it was ever, except for the coffee trees which only have about one hunderd years history in Tanzania.

The path is narrow and snakes through the shambas, occaisonally broken by a stream or irrigation ditch. If the mini-ravine is deep it will be crossed by a narrow and weak looking plank that looks like it has had bites taken out of it by some fearsome beast. If it is just a shallow dip, where it crosses the path will be filled with crushed sections of banana tree trunks; this facilitates the passing of barrows, bicycles or, where the path is just wide enough, pick-up trucks.

The path forks and meets with other paths. Here and there is a glimpse of a hazy view down to the plains. The sounds are of birds and a continuous pitter patter as leaves fall from the tall trees, onto banana leaves, then onto coffee leaves, then onto bean and yam leaves and finally onto the ground.

The fields flanking the path have recently been furrowed. Studded regularly in the fields are gnarled and mossy coffee trees, to old to be producing anything of high quality. Shayo told me the parish field by his house had been planted a few months before his birth – November 1935. Spaced yet further apart than the coffee are banana trees, some held up with props, since the weight of flower and fruit can sometimes uproot the entire tree. Is this how bananas propogate naturally.

Uru is a place where little currently works to its full capacity. Falling coffee prices have fuelled the loss of interest in coffee farming, resulting in the aged trees sometimes abandoned or ignored. The road to Uru, built in three sections by different contractors is already starting to disintegrate in the places where the contractor lacked the necessary enthusiasm, or just went off with the money. Computers donated to the school similarly lack lustre – they will never enable students or teachers to achieve anything more than an enduring patience they already possess.

Walking along the path, being greeted by everyone I meet, watching how interactions are friendly and unhurried I wonder whether some of the impediments to development I see are perhaps willful.

Women giggle and loudly comment when I greet them in the local language.

A large bird flies from one tree to another, and disapears before I can really focus on it. No hope of identification.

I have tried to photograph this place, but it is so much more than a picture, however large. It is sound, smell, the light breeze, the texture of the ground beneath the feet. It is the boredom that turns into relaxation and contentedness. It is the frustration of not being able to find a secluded lonely spot to read and write without being disturbed.

The path becomes familiar again and I find my way back to the Shayo’s house. Bath, dinner, then bed…

But this is a modern kitchen!


2003
08.21

“But this is a modern kitchen!” Shayo exclaims to me in response to my comment about the smoke, and the storage of firewood on a ceiling/shelf which itself seems to be made of kindling. “In my mother’s house, she would be sleeping there, the chickens would be there, and the cows would be there” he says, gesturing around the dung and mud walls of this chagga kitchen. My eyes are watering as Mama Shayo prepares me dinner. Bwana Shayo leaves, he is even more susceptible to the smoke than me it seems. “Cooking is a women’s work” he tells me.

“What can you do that your wife can’t?” I ask.

“Climb and cut down trees” he replies, confidently. The household cows, which live in a room next door to the Shayo’s bedroom, are fed on the banana trees that Shayo fells in the shamba. Despite my “modern” western sensibilites, I can’t help but feel that perhaps the division of labour here isn’t as unequal as might seem to be the case at first.

Somehow I found myself in Uru without the usual youthful entourage – it seems most of my friends have headed down to Tanga. I didn’t know and couldn’t contact them. So here I am, staying in this idylic mountain village, amidst the banana trees. I am wondering to myself whether I should ever have left the UK – my computer projects are falling dismally on their faces. At the same time I am asking myself if I can ever go back. Can I leave this society that seems to be without strife, without conflict, where elderly (and I mean in their seventies) ladies, drunk on the local brew, insist on escorting the 9usually sober) young men back home through the darkness. Darkness which is subtly relieved by the glow of the moon reflecting off the glaciers of Kilimanjaro, Africa’s tallest mountain. It can’t be photographed, something you only see with the people you are with, and try to remember.

This mountain, a dormant, but not extinct, volcano, is home to the chagga, a seemingly less exciting tribe than the maasai. Chagga dress as often in baggy jeans and t-shirts as the more traditional kangas – colourful sheets featuring cheeky swahili phrases like “Take your eyes off my ass!” The mountain is blessed with regular rain and fertile soil – it doesn’t take very green fingers to make things grow up here. But the chagga are renowned amongst agricultural developmentalists for their complex multicropping techniques which maximise the quantity and variety of food available year round. There is also the ruined irrigation system that was built hundreds of years ago and may have supported even greater numbers of chagga.

So I am here, watching Mama Shayo frying bananas, cutting tomatoes, beating eggs, while a black cat sits with it’s tail milimetres from the fire. “Paka mbaya” she tells me. The cat is evil. “Kwasa baba?” I ask – why? Because it is black she tells me.

A friend recently told me something I had never heard before about the chagga. Apparently chagga men are meant to have nothing to do with excrement. They must avoid any contact at all with faeces. Nothing at all to do with it. For boys to become men they had to have their anuses sewn up. Chagga men simply do not shit. Such was the initiation ritual. Not circumcision or other genital mutilation that usually has Europeans and Americans up in arms. But the initiation ceremony was much more interesting than that. The terrified young chagga boys would be taken off to a secluded part of the mountain, where they would await their ordeal in terror and anticipation.

And then the ceremony began. And the truth was revealed to them. Their anuses would not be sewn up. In fact this was just a trick. The initiation ritual in fact consisted of being sworn to secrecy, about the fact of the anal seaming, and that chagga men ever went for a “long call”. This leads to chagga men waiting till the dead of night so they can go for a shit. I asked a couple of friends about this. One laughed and told me he didn’t know that his father went to the toilet until he was more than ten years old. Another told me that this ritual still occured, but that the chagga don’t like to relate it. Maybe I shouldn’t be sharing this secret, but it is in an ethnography which I am desparate to get my hands on.

But disaster strikes – the avacadoes which have been brought down from the smoky loft are tiny. How can this be. It is the end of the avacodo season. THe last ones are coming down from the trees. They won’t be back till next April. I thought they would never end.

Yuki’s Debut


2003
08.20

Duncan has given me editorial permissions on this website. As I type he is looking on expectantly, but I have stage fright…

Last night at dinner with Brad and his sister Valerie, Duncan exclaimed, “Springtime has arrived in Mary’s garden!”

Indeed it has. Flowers in bloom everywhere, fluffy yellow goslings, the vegetables and herbs we planted last month are sprouting, and Shadow’s puppies – Nyota (Swahili for star) and Rambo (popular icon in Tanzania) frolic in the sunshine. Shadow has started to wean them, which makes for noisy nights, but not as noisy as the days when the geese were going at it. Mary makes oatmeal for their breakfast, but like children everywhere, Nyota and Rambo are unenthusiastic. This morning Duncan rubbed their noses in it. Typically, Rambo submitted and took a nibble. Nyota did not and so spent the morning with oatmeal stuck to her nose. I read online that what puppies need are chicken backs.

Front page


2003
08.20

Yes indeed – I did make the cover of the front page of the Arusha Times – well Parvis’ picture did, and an excerpt from my story. Quite pleased.

WiFi Hotspots on Trains


2003
08.18

Found this interesting article on The Register.

Apparently GNER are thinking of putting WiFi hotspots on their trains – not as a money spinner, but as a way of encouraging more passengers onto trains. Pretty good idea.